The FSA and Magnum agencies essays

The FSA and Magnum organizations papers The Farm Security Administration and Magnum are two most critical offices in the improvement of narrative photography In this exposition I will talk about the significance of these two affiliations, I will attempt to cover the principle explanations behind their reality and attempt to comprehend what this presence has accomplished for society. Despite the fact that these two offices were both set up to take care of society with data utilizing visual photography, the style and points were altogether different. As a matter of first importance, I will discuss the FSA, who realized it? what's more, how it was controlled? The Farm Security Administration was made in the division of horticulture in 1937. The FSA was another arrangement program alongside the RA (Resettlement Administration) intended to help poor ranchers during the Dust Bowl and the extraordinary misery. Numerous picture takers were included inside the FSA including: Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange, Ben Shahn, Russell Lee, Howard Lieberman, and Edwin Locke. A significant figure for the FSA was Roy Stryker who was leader of an exceptional photographic segment in the RA and FSA from 1935-1942. Roy Stryker's unit was conveyed on assignments all through the United States and Puerto Rico. The workplace disseminated photographic hardware and film, drew up financial plans, dispensed travel reserves, employed staff, created, printed, and numbered most negatives, checked on created film, altered picture takers' subtitles written in the field, and kept up documents of negatives, prints, and inscriptions. The primary office additionally circulated pi ctures to papers, magazines, and book distributers, and provided photos to presentations. Picture takers were urged to record whatever may reveal extra insight into the theme that they were shooting, and they got preparing in making individual contacts and meeting individuals. More often than not the picture takers sent their presented negatives to the photographic unit's lab in Washington for creating, numbering and printing.... <!

Teenage Runaways :: Journalistic Essays

Young Runaways &nbsp; A news release flashed over the television.&nbsp; Interrupting my preferred program, a correspondent declared, Missing youngsters. The columnist proceeded to express that a gathering of youthful adolescents had been accounted for missing for the last twenty-four hours. It was later detailed that the young people had fled, and they had left a note requesting more freedom. The youngsters were from wealthier homes; in this way, the guardians of the missing kids couldn't comprehend the explanation their kids ventured out from home. The youngsters later expressed, We are nearly developed; give us our space. Teenage wanderers are turning into an issue in America. Every year, numerous youngsters flee from home on account of issues with order, correspondence, and consideration. &nbsp; The primary young lady that the journalist met stated, The order in my home is wild. The young lady kept on offering guides to back up her announcement. She said that she was unable to be two minutes late for her check in time. She would be grounded seven days for consistently she was late. There were to be no calls after 9:30 p.m. She was unable to converse with young men on the telephone by any means. On the off chance that she was found disrupting the norms, she lost every last bit of her phone benefits. She needed to have a grown-up with her consistently. Her last explanation was, I realize my folks are doing the entirety of this out of affection, yet give it a rest. Let me grow up! &nbsp; The journalist asked another young lady a couple of inquiries. The young lady started the meeting with the announcement, My folks don't get me. I realize they are attempting, yet offer me a reprieve. They need to converse with me constantly. Our correspondence is preposterous. The young lady kept on enlightening the journalist concerning the issue. She said that her mom needed to think about everything going on in her life. Her mom needed to discuss her sexual encounters; she needed to know how it felt to be tanked, and her mother would request that her girl share her otherworldly contemplations with her. My mother needs to be my companion. I get that, yet a few things are ideally left implied, the young lady said in shutting. &nbsp; The last adolescent that the correspondent conversed with was a little fellow.

Guide on How to Format a Short Essay

Guide on How to Format a Short Essay Each student has many written tasks to do practically every day. There are many types of written assignments, and the essay is one of the most popular among them because it allows checking students knowledge of subject quickly and helps to develop writing skills and thinking capacity. There are many different guidelines for writing, but usually, students have an assignment of making a small text which should take no more than one page. Each paper must have good execution; otherwise, your professor may just refuse to accept the work without a proper appearance. Hence, there are many questions about short essay format. Don’t know how to format short essay? Follow our professional tips. The Structure of a Short Composition If you want to create an excellent written assignment, you would, first, think about the structure of the future paper. Even a small work must have the introduction, the body paragraphs, and the conclusion. So, talking about a brief piece of writing, it is natural to suppose that you must have very strict outline because there is no opportunity to go into unnecessary details. The introduction of your composition is vital because you don’t have enough space to make too long. You should have the thesis statement, representing the topic of your work. Try to choose an interesting and evocative topic and write it down so that the thesis statement draws readers attention and may catch the eye from the first sight. You may use different ways to provoke the interest of the readers, for example, take the quotation from the novel of a famous writer which is suitable for your topic or use a rhetorical question in the very beginning. Further on, you may start working on the body paragraphs, which will disclose your point of view. These paragraphs should also be very well-organized; hence, their organization must be so logical to make the impression that each paragraph arises from the previous one. You may use various transitional devices to achieve it. You may divide your body paragraphs into three parts: In the first paragraph, you will give the strongest arguments to mark out your idea once again In the second part, you may have arguments which are not so strong At the end of the main part, give the weakest points of your line of argumentation. Such structure looks very good because it is very persuasive and helps people to perceive your work in a manner, which is necessary for you as a writer. The conclusion of your small composition must prove your thesis statement once more and give your readers a clear understanding of your position. For it, you have to write down a logical summary. With such end, your piece of writing will be successful, and you will have a good mark for this assignment. Short Essay Formatting As it was said before, the style of execution is also crucial for each written piece of work. Sometimes, it can be even more important than a clear structure itself, because it is the first thing to be seen after your assignment have been passed to the tutor. Hence, it can be said that laying out is the face of your work and, of course, you must care about it very much. There are many different requirements about laying out for all the kinds of written assignments, but usually, practically all educational intuitions follow either the Modern Language Association (MLA) recommendations or The American Psychological Association (APA) recommendations of laying out. The APA short essay format is the most widely spread and popular all over the world, that is why we would like to give you some prompts about doing your work in this style. In general, the following guidelines should be observed by you while typing: Margins. Margins for all sides of the shit on which you are typing (top, bottom, left, right) should be no more than one inch. Font Size and Type. The classic Times New Roman 12-point font must be used for all the text. Such type of font is the most widely spread worldwide. Spaces. The whole document should be typed with double spaces. Alignment. The flush left alignment must be applied for the whole text. These recommendations can be used to create a small task in the APA style, but be careful: if you are not sure, you would consult your professor about the style. Certainly, it is better to ask than to re-write everything in the last minute or just have a bad mark only for the execution of the paper but not for your thoughts, expressed in it. Following these simple tips, you can easily make a good brief piece of writing with a proper laying out and have a good mark for the task. Dont forget about re-reading and proofreading which also useful to make your paper excellent, because, in such a way, you may quickly improve your composition. Hence, dont procrastinate and start working on your assignment immediately after it was assigned to you.

Mccloskey Responses - 1660 Words

sponse Response Paper Stephanie Brockman PHIL 201 McCloskey Responses Introduction H. J. McCloskey gets most of his strong statements against the belief by asking the atheist to provide sufficient proof that God exists. However, McCloskey is not the only person who is unsure and asks questions God’s existence based on personal beliefs or influence. From the beginning many people have had questions about God and his existence. He wrote numerous books on atheism between 1960 and 1980 including the famous book, God and Evil. This paper evaluates the credibility of McCloskey’s article â€Å"On being an Atheist†. One of the McCloskey’s core arguments against theism is his demand for any proof that ascertains theists’ beliefs on God’s†¦show more content†¦In addition, he notifies that evolution theories have since replaced theists’ unique designs that prove God as the sole creator. By embarking on the theories of evolution, McCloskey proves his arguments against theism at a considerable degree (McCloskey, 1968). However, these evolution theories establish their facts on global changes. These changes must have certain causes of which God stands as the uncaused cause. The systematic changes of the world’s rotation and revolution remain the same from ancient times. This proves that God’s unique design still exists despite other revolutionary changes. McCloskey also argues that the presence of evil in the world and reflects a negative perception of God’s unique design or divine the world’s divine purpose. In addition, he believes that evolution has altered the purpose of the world’s design. This is assuming that the atheism’s provision of evolution is correct, and then the factors that determine the truth of whether scientific reasoning is pure. Unless reasoning is valid, no science can produce facts. Therefore, the McCloskey’s provision on imperfection and lack of purpose of the universe does not wholly match evolution principles. Darwin’s theories also attest the existence of the world’s unique design. It argues that nature’s perfection comes about without assistance from any divine mind calculations. The consistence of human character over generationsShow MoreRelatedMccloskey Response Paper2064 Words   |  9 Pages In his article, On Being an Atheist, H.J. McCloskey tried to show that atheism is a more reasonable and comfortable belief than that of Christianity.    McCloskey argued against the three theistic proofs, which are the cosmological argument, the teleological argument and the argument from design.    He pointed out the existence of evil in the world that God made.    He also pointed out that it is irrational to live by faith. According to McCloskey, proofs do not necessarily play a vital role in theRead MoreResponse Paper Mccloskey Article (278.205 Kb)2221 Words   |  9 PagesResponse Paper McCloskey Article (278.205 Kb) Having completed the unit of philosophy of religion, you are now ready to respond to an article written by an actual atheist.   This article, titled â€Å"On Being an Atheist,† was written by H. J. McCloskey in 1968 for the journal Question.   McCloskey is an Australian philosopher who wrote a number of atheistic works in the 1960s and 70s including the book God and Evil (Nijhoff, 1974). In this article, McCloskey is both critical of the classical argumentsRead MoreResponse to On Being An Atheist by H. J. McCloskey1599 Words   |  7 PagesMcCloskey in his article, On Being An Atheist claims that proofs or arguments which theists provide to support their belief â€Å"have no weight†. He speaks of this primarily in relation to the ontological argument, the argument which attempts to show that the very concept of God implies his reality. McCloskey believes that there is no point in debating on this particular proof because it has no bearing but the ontological argu ment serves as the very foundation for other arguments which supports andRead MoreResponse Paper Instructions1075 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Response Paper Instructions Having completed the unit of philosophy of religion, you are now ready to respond to an article written by an actual atheist. This article titled â€Å"On Being an Atheist,† was written by H. J. McCloskey in 1968 for the journal Question. McCloskey is an Australian philosopher who wrote a number of atheistic works in the 1960s and 70s including the book God and Evil (Nijhoff, 1974). In this article, McCloskey is both critical of the classical arguments for God’s existenceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1538 Words   |  7 PagesSusana Stewart Response Paper INTRODUCTION The question of God’s existence has been challenged by many philosophers and non-philosophers alike. Arguments that have been used to support the existence of a divine being includes the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopher H.J. McCloskey is among this group. In the article â€Å"On Being an Atheist† written by H.J. McCloskey, he argues that both these arguments are false and insufficientRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1290 Words   |  6 Pagesdivine being includes the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopher H.J. McCloskey is among this group. In the article â€Å"On Being an Atheist† written by H.J. McCloskey, he argues that both these arguments are false and insufficient as it relates to â€Å"proof† of God’s existence. McCloskey believes that without proper proof, we must completely dismiss the idea of God’s existence. In his well-written article he offers a few reasonsRead MoreThe Question Of God s Existence1575 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing includes; the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However, there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopher H.J. McCloskey is among this group. In the article â€Å"On Being an Atheist† written by H.J. McCloskey, he argues that both these arguments are false and insufficient as it relates to â€Å"proof† of God’s existence. McCloskey believes that without proper proof, we must completely dismiss the idea of God’s existence. In his well-written article, he offers a few reasonsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1634 Words   |  7 PagesH.J. McCloskey is an author who expresses his belief in atheism through his work. In 1968, He published an article called, â€Å"On Being an Atheist†. His view of God and the Christian belief is well thought out and addressed, however, in this essay I will be responding to some of his atheistic views and will be attempting to respond to them from a theistic worldview approach. In the article McCloskey, chooses to use the word â€Å"proof† instead of the word â€Å"theory†. By doing this he is making his argumentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1558 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing includes; the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However, there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopher H.J. McCloskey is among this group. In the article â€Å"On Being an Atheist† written by H.J. McCloskey, he argues that both these arguments are false and insufficient as it relates to â€Å"proof† of God’s existence. McCloskey believes that without proper proof, we must completely dismiss the idea of God’s existence. In his well-written article, he offers a few reasonsRead MoreAnalysis on Atheism1421 Words   |  6 Pages To be honest with you I think some of McCloskey questions of the existence of God are based and as a Christian I know I have questioned the existence of God at one point in my life. I had to really learn the hard way. From the article one can see that McCloskey is trying very hard to dismiss every claim of the theistic view. From the videos on blackboard, when someone decides to prove something or someone, then that means there is certainty and assurance that thing is absolutely true. The truth

miss - 1688 Words

P2– Identify the process and assessment tools involved in planning support for individuals with different needs who use social services M2- Describe how three key professionals could be involved in planning support for individuals. In this assignment I will be identifying the processed and assessment tools involved in planning support for individuals with different needs who use social service. I will also be describing how three key professionals could be involved in planning support for individuals. The first stage in the cycle of assessment and planning is the referral in which either the individual or a professional refers you to a specialist. E.g. Physiotherapist or counsellor. The holistic assessment includes assessing the†¦show more content†¦The GP has the responsibility to ensure that Mr Farsal is not in harm’s way and guarantee treatments for Mr Farsal’s physical dilemmas until he has fully recovered from them. Moreover, the GP should ensure that Mr Farsal is aware of the treatments that he will be receiving, what it does and what it is for. Furthermore, Mr Farsal’s GP must ensure that his holistic needs are fully met. Secondly, the second key profession that is involved in planning the support for Mr. Farsal is his social worker. The social worker will help Mr Farsal’s intellectual needs, social needs as well as physical needs. Mr Farsal’s social worker must ensure that his rights are fully met. Mr Farsal’s social worker must ensure that he/she provides the essential support needed in order for Mr Farsal to go about his daily life. For example, taking him to a place of worship, the library and barriers he may face at home like climbing up the stairs, changing his clothes etc. Furthermore, a counsellor working with Mr Farsal may empower him in to taking decisions Mr. Farsal may need counselling as he may be struggling with his emotions. He may even be traumatised by the accident he was in. Mr Farsal’s counsellor would encourage him to socialise and confide in individuals he can trust. Mr FarsalShow MoreRelatedMiss Brill5112 Words   |  21 PagesStylistic Analysis of â€Å"Miss Brill† by Katherine Mansfield Shenli Song College of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Gongshang University Office of Foreign Language College at Zhejiang Gongshang University Xia Sha City-University-Town, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China E-mail: windyforever@gmail.com Abstract Katherine Mansfield, remembered as one of the finest writers of English short stories, enjoys enduring fame and a somewhat awesome literary status with her short stories, Miss Brill as one of her representativeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Miss Julie 1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthings as they actual exists† (Google). In Miss Julie written by August Strindberg, this play displayed his attempt at representing realism. Creating reality in theater requires implanting realistic points such as characters, actions, and dialogue that is accurate to real life. Foremost, characters are a main part of a play. Establishing characters with relatable backgrounds to people and depth makes the work more believable to the viewer or reader. Miss Julie, who is twenty-five years of age andRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Miss Havisham1948 Words   |  8 Pagesmakes me think that Miss Havisham is somebody, which is very wealthy, mysterious, in addition respected by various people. Moreover, from the passage I can infer that Pip is extremely confused by the situation, moreover is afraid that he will leave his only companion, Joe. Furthermore, from the passage I can infer that the reasoning Mr.Pumblechook forces Pip to go to Miss Havisham is for his own self-interest, being perhaps he wants to benefit from Pip and gain a large reward from Miss Havisham. (91)Read MoreThe Inclusion of Transgender Women in the Miss Universe1276 Words   |  6 Pages Chapter I Introduction In a beauty-pageant-crazy country like the Philippines, the annual Miss Universe pageantry is a most-awaited event for many Filipinos. It is that time when many Filipino people gravitate towards their TV sets with their eyes wide open as though entranced on the pageant events as they unfold. Probably next to boxing, the Miss Universe pageant is the most-widely watched worldwide event in the Philippines. As evidence of the country’s penchant for this event, the country hasRead MoreSymbolism In Miss Brill, By Katherine Mansfield1143 Words   |  5 PagesMiss Brill is a short fiction story written by Katherine Mansfield, which was first published in November 1920 in Athenaeum, an English literary magazine and then in Mansfield’s The Garden Party Other Stories. The story takes place during a Sunday afternoon as an elderly woman enjoys her weekly visit to a French park. She enjoys watching others and sitting in on their lives, while the band plays in the gazebo. This stor y, written in the third person omniscient point of view, is told with a stream-of-consciousnessRead MoreMiss Julie and Swedish Culture1942 Words   |  8 PagesMiss Julie and Swedish Culture The play Miss Julie by August Strindberg is set in Sweden in the late 1800’s on the count’s estate. The play unfolds on Midsummer’s eve throughout the night of the annual celebration. Jean, a thirty-year-old valet, is attempting to enjoy an evening in the kitchen with his lover Christine who works alongside Jean on the manor as a cook. The couples evening is rudely interrupted by miss Julie, the count’s bitter daughter, who requests Jean be her dance partner at theRead MoreEssay about Illusion versus Reality in Miss Brill1124 Words   |  5 PagesIllusion versus Reality in Miss Brill  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Is it really okay to talk to yourself as long as you dont talk back? Well, what if your fur piece talks back? In Katherine Mansfields short story, Miss Brill, it is a quickly established fact that Miss Brill has an odd relationship with her fur necklet (440). But it is the authors descriptive use of symbolism that provides a deeper understanding of Miss Brills personality. Katherine Mansfield creates the woman in the ermine toque (441)Read More Values of Miss America Pageant Essay2461 Words   |  10 PagesShe’s intelligence and humility. She’s fair and honesty. She’s Miss United States. These are not the lyrics to the song that is played after a contestant wins the ever-so coveted crown. These are not lyrics to any song at all actually. But why not? Aren’t those all attributes most people yearn for? While of course these characteristics are things everyone tries to perfect throughout their lifetime, this is not the focal point of the Miss America pageant . The actual lyrics are; â€Å"She’s beauty and she’sRead MoreDriving Miss Daisy962 Words   |  4 PagesDriving Miss Daisy depicts a strong friendship that progressively builds between an elderly Jewish widow named Daisy Werthan and an African American chauffeur named Hoke Coleburn. After crashing her car into a neighbor’s property from pressing the reverse peddle too hard, Miss Daisy Werthan lost her privilege to drive on the road. Since she cannot drive, her son hired Hoke to be her personal chauffeur. At first, Miss Daisy refuses to let Hoke drive her anywhere out of fear of losing her independenceRead MoreEssay on Katherine Mansfields Miss Brill1218 Words   |  5 Pagesdisillusioned and confused about how to function as a part of society. One would tend to isolate ourselves, exiled in this place we call the world. In Katherine Mansfield’s short story â€Å"Miss Brill,† one such person, herself a kind of outcast of society, creates a fantas y world in which she is at the center. â€Å"Miss Brill† is the story of a woman battling with loneliness. She partakes in a ritual in which every Sunday she would spend the entire afternoon at the local park eavesdropping and observing

The Hero And The Crown Part Two Chapter 19 Free Essays

THE STAIRS WENT UP and up in a long slow spiral, and Aerin followed, turning round and round till it seemed to her she must be climbing the well of the sky and at the end of the staircase she would step onto the moon’s cold surface and look down, far away, upon the green earth. For a little while she could hear her friends, who waited restlessly at the foot of the stair; once she heard the thinnest thread of a whine, but that was all. None tried to follow her. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hero And The Crown Part Two Chapter 19 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then she could no longer hear anything but the soft sound of her footsteps and the occasional slow stutter of a guttering flame. Her legs ached with climbing, and her back ached with tension, and her neck ached with keeping her head tipped up to look at the endless staircase; and her mind ached with thoughts she dared not think. Daylight had disappeared long since, had gone with the last sounds of her beasts; the light in her eyes was red. In the edges of her vision she saw gaping black doors that led into chambers she would not imagine, let alone turn her gaze to see; and sometimes the soft noise of her footsteps echoed strangely on a stair that opened into such a room. The silence weighed her down; the air grew heavier with every step up. She recognized the weight, though she had never felt it thus before: evil. Maur’s breath had stunk of evil, and its words had set evil tracks in her mind; but she had faced Maur on the earth and under the sky, not in a dark endless airless tower. She struggled on. With each step she felt her ankles and shinbones jar against the floor, and tendons grate across her kneecaps, the heavy thigh muscles twist and curl, her hips grind in their sockets. Her right ankle began to ache. She was still carrying the surka wreath, and as she thought of Maur she remembered the red stone she had taken with her from its ashes, and remembered that she carried the stone even now. She had a moment’s cold dread, wondering if she were carrying her own betrayal into Agsded’s lair; but she put her hand into the breast of her tunic, and drew out the little soft pouch where the stone lay. The stone was hot to the touch when she let it fall into her palm from the pouch, and it seemed to writhe in her fingers; she almost dropped it, but she thought of spiders and surka leaves, and held on; then shook it back into its pouch, and curled her fingers around it._ Still she climbed, but she no longer felt alone. Evil was with her; red evil shone in her eyes, rode on her shoulders, harried her heels; waited in the dark doorways where she would not look, fell like ash and rose like smoke from the torches. Evil was all around her, and it watched her, eyelessly, watched for her first stumble. Still the stairs rose before her, and still her weary legs carried her up; she wondered how many days she had spent climbing stairs, and if her army had disbanded by now, and she worried about Talat, who was wearing his saddle and gear. She should have remembered to strip it off before she entered the dark tower. The red light throbbed in time to her own pulse; she panted in a rhythm begun by its fluctuations; the sweat that ran into her eyes was red, and it burned. And now she had something else to worry about, for where she had touched the tender skin of her throat with her surka-sticky fingers when she pulled at the thong that held the dragon stone’s pouch, it burned too. But its throb had nothing to do with the tower. It throbbed angrily and self-consciously, and her mind was distracted enough to think, This is typical. On my way to gods know what unspeakable doom, and I break out in a rash. But it lightened the evil a little; she did not notice this as such, only that she toiled on in a slightly better spirit. Idly she pulled one end of her collar loose and pressed it against the surka rash, which didn’t help at all. Up. And still up. Everything ached; it was impossible to tell the leg cramps from the headache any more; the only thing about her that still bore any individuality was the surka rash on her chest, which was spreading. Up. She had been climbing forever; she would be climbing forever. She would be a new god: the God That Climbs. It was no more improbable than some of the other gods: the God That Isn’t There, for example (more often known as the God That Follows or the God That Goes Before), which was the shadow-god at midday. The rash had also begun to itch, and she had to curl her surka-stained fingers into fists to stop herself from scratching the too sensitive skin on her neck and chest. And still she climbed. The heat in the red stone now beat at one hand even through the pouch; and the crisp leaves of the surka pinched the fingers of the other hand. When she came to the top she did not believe it. She stood dumbly, looking at the black hallway before her, opening from a black doorway like all the other doorways she had straitly passed on her long spiral ascent; but now the stairs were ended, and she must cross this threshold or turn around and go back. There were no torches lighting this hall; the last of them threw their shadows at her from half a dozen steps below. And suddenly those shadows flickered, though there was no draught, and she knew there was something on the stairs behind her, and she plunged forward into the darkness. She would have said she had no strength left for running, but she did run. Gonturan banging painfully against her ankle, although her feet were numb with climbing. Then she saw that the hall was quite short, for the blackness before her was that of double doors, their frames edged with the thinnest line of red light; and she stopped abruptly a few strides from them, her muscles quivering and her knees threatening to dump her full length on the floor for the thing coming up the stairs to find. She leaned against the outer edge of one door, her back to the narrow wall where it joined the corridor wall; her breath whined in her throat. Thank Luthe for the thoroughness of my cure, she thought as she felt the thick air surging into the bottom of her chest, being hurled out again, and a fresh lungful captured. The rash on her chest throbbed with extra enthusiasm as she panted, and the skin above her ribcage had to heave and subside more quickly. Well, thorough about the important thing, she amended. Luthe. She had not thought of him, had not quite said his name even in the dimmest, most private recesses of her mind, since she had left him. She had said she would come back to him. Her breathing eased; even the evil air seemed to taste less foul. Luthe. She looked down the hallway, but saw nothing coming toward her. Perhaps it is Nothing, she thought. Perhaps that is what follows here. She looked down at her hands. She could not open the doors behind her – supposing they opened in the usual fashion – with both hands full. She knelt down, kicking the tip of Gonturan to one side so she jammed up into a corner and gave Aerin’s armpit a sharp poke with her hilt, and put the hidden stone and the green wreath on the stone floor. Slowly she upended the leather bag, and the hot red stone spilled out, burning in its own light, long red tongues of that light snaking down the corridor and up the walls. It made her dizzy. She prodded the wreath and made a small hollow in the twined stems, hastily picked up the stone as it tried to scorch her fingers, and dropped it in. It sizzled and hissed, but the surka seemed to quench it, and the red light subsided. Aerin pulled the leaves back over it again, shook the wreath to be sure it could not fall out, and stood up. By the wings of the mother of all horses, her rash would drive her mad soon. She rubbed it helplessly, the heel of her hand chafing it against the inside of her shirt, and it responded gleefully by feeling as if it had caught fire; but as she dropped her hand again and then tried to bow her shoulders so that her shirt and tunic would fall away from the infected skin, she stopped thinking about what might be creeping up the stairs behind her. Bowing her shoulders did no good either. Irritably she turned to face the door, her free hand pressed flat against her chest again with shirt and tunic between; and pushed at the doors with the hand that held the surka. The leaves rasped against the inside edge of the doors, and the doors exploded. There was a roar like all the thunder gods came down off their mountain to howl simultaneously in her ears; and winds spun around her like endless spiral staircases, bruising her with their edges. There was torn redness before her eyes, rent with blackness, clawed with white and yellow; she felt that her eyes would be hammered out of their sockets. She staggered forward, still clutching the wreath, the hand that held it outstretched. She could not see floor nor walls nor ceiling, nor anything; only the shards of color, like mad rags of cloth streaming past. Her other hand fell to Gonturan’s hilt, though she knew she hadn’t a chance of drawing her in this vortex of storm; still it gave comfort to clutch at her. The wind lifted her entirely off her feet for a moment and dropped her again and she stumbled and almost fell, and so the wind seized her yet again and threw her to one side, and only luck let her fall feet first the second time. This will not do, she thought, and braced herself as best she could. I’ll probably lose her – and with a wild heave she pulled Gonturan free of her scabbard. Blue fire blazed up and whirled around her, and the winds and thunders backed off. Aerin gave Gonturan an experimental swoop, and she sang, a shrill grim note, and the shards of red and black and claws of yellow and white disappeared into shadows and became a floor and five red walls and a ceiling overhead with things painted on it, fell things of red and black, with fangs and yellow claws. And at the far end of the chamber stood a man dressed in white, with a red sword girt at his side, and she knew him at once, for she had seen his face often enough in her mirror. She opened her mouth, but no words came out. He laughed, her own laugh, but greater, deeper, with terrible echoes that made tangled harmonies, and those harmonies found the places in her own mind that she had never looked into, that by their existence had long frightened her; that she had hoped always to be able to ignore. The air reeled over her in thick waves, and Gonturan’s blue fire dimmed and flickered as her hand trembled. â€Å"Well met, sister’s daughter,† he said. His voice was low and soft and courteous; a thoughtful, philosophical, wise, and kindly voice, a voice anyone might trust; a voice nothing like Aerin’s own. â€Å"Not well met,† Aerin said at last in a strangled voice, which seemed to cut ugly holes in the air currents between them, which destroyed the harmonies that still hummed in her mind; but by the sound of her own voice she felt she had lost something treasured and beautiful that might have forever been hers. â€Å"Not well met. You killed my mother and you would kill my people and my country.† He raised his shoulders, and his white robe rippled and fell in long graceful folds that glinted softly, like the petals of spring flowers. His hazel eyes blinked gently at her; her own eyes, but larger and set more deeply beneath a higher brow. â€Å"And why, my dear, should you care? You never met your mother, so you cannot miss her. I may have done you a favor; many daughters would be glad to have escaped the tender ministrations of their mothers. â€Å"And when has your land ever cared for you?† His voice sank lower yet, purring, and he smiled Aerin’s own smile. â€Å"They call you witch’s daughter – and so you are, and more, for your mother might have been given the mage mark had she not fled too soon – and they should revere you for it. But in their small vicious way they choose to revile you. â€Å"Your father is kind – why should he not be? You have never been any trouble – you have never demanded your rightful place as his daughter and his only child; and lately you have been of some small use, slaying dragons, so that he need not send out his valuable men on so inglorious a task. You have kept to the shadows, and he has let you stay there, and has done nothing to deny his people’s voices when they whisper, witchwoman’s daughter. â€Å"And Tor?† He chuckled. â€Å"Honest Tor. He loves you, you know. You know that. So does everyone. They all say that you are your mother’s daughter – I think even the worthy Arlbeth wonders just a little, sometimes – and your mother was a witch; never forget that. Tor himself is, of course, not in a position to do much thinking about this. And as you are your mother’s daughter, even when you do not remember it †¦ † He smiled her smile at her again, but it seemed very full of teeth. â€Å"No,† said Aerin; it was almost a shriek. Gonturan wavered in her hand. â€Å"But yes. And think of who accompanied you to this fateful meeting. Do you come with your father’s finest cavalry? Do you come at least with a troop of well-meaning if inexperienced men? Why, no – you come without even the lowliest Damarian foot soldier, without even a ragged village brat to shine your boots. You come at all only because you escaped, like a prisoner, from the City which ought to be yours to command. You come draggle-tailed, with wild beasts of the hills, riding an old lame horse who should have been mercifully killed years ago.† He seemed to have some trouble saying the word â€Å"mercifully†: it was as if his teeth got in his way. Aerin shook her head dumbly. His words buzzed in her ears like insects waiting to sting her; and the terrible harmonies of his laugh bit deeper into her each time she moved. If only her chest didn’t itch so; it was hard to concentrate on anything through the itching; it was worse even than the headache. He was talking about Talat, poor patient Talat, waiting for her while his saddle galled him; grey horses often had oversensitive skin. If she had been born a horse she would undoubtedly have been grey. Her chest felt like it no longer had skin on it at all; perhaps it was being torn by those red-and-black creatures with the claws. The low murmuring buzzing voice went on. â€Å"And Luthe.† The voice paused a moment. â€Å"I knew Luthe very well once.† Even through the gentle gracious melody of that voice she heard the malice behind it when it spoke Luthe’s name; she was only too well aware of malice, for it was eating a hole in her breastbone now. Furthermore, it was her own voice she listened to, for all its beauty, and she knew, when it roughened, where the roughness came from. â€Å"Luthe, who doesn’t dare leave his mountain any more. Little Luthe, never one of Goriolo’s favorite pupils, for he was always a little slow – although he sometimes disguised this rather cleverly, I must admit, with his own unique style of obstinacy.† Do you think I like sending a child to a doom like this, one I know I cannot myself face? It was as though she were hearing the words for the first time, so loudly did they crash in her ears; Luthe’s voice was not mellifluous, like her red-haired uncle’s; Luthe’s voice was raw and angry, like the spot on her chest. â€Å"Luthe, and his games with children, for children’s games were as much as he was capable – â€Å" â€Å"Now that,† Aerin said quite clearly and calmly, â€Å"is nonsense. If you can do no better than cheap insults, then the prophecy over-estimates you. I shall tell Luthe that he could have met you himself.† â€Å"The prophecy!† howled Agsded; and he seemed to grow till he towered over her, his robes billowing, his hair red as fire; and dimly Aerin thought. His hair is the color mine used to be before Maur burned most of it off. My hair isn’t that color any more. Agsded reached for his sword, and Aerin raised Gonturan again and shook her, and blue fire ran down her edge and over Aerin’s hand and wrist, and onto the floor; and where it touched, cracks appeared, and ran in tiny rays in all directions. â€Å"You may be right about Tor and my father,† Aerin went on conversationally. â€Å"You may even be right about me. But you are wrong about Luthe.† The red sword whipped out of its scabbard and flew at her, but Gonturan flashed to stop it, and where the blades crashed together more blue fire dripped and splashed, and there was another series of small star-shaped cracks in the floor. â€Å"Fool,† boomed Agsded’s voice, and it was velvety no longer. â€Å"Fool. The prophecy said that only one of my blood may face me, and so you have come this far; but your Damarian blood cannot stand against the one who wears the Hero’s Crown.† Aerin raised her eyes to his forehead, and where she had not seen it before, the dull grey circlet that was Damar’s dearest prize and treasure was bound closely to his brows. She could not help the shudder that ran through her, for what he said was true. Luthe, she thought, you should have come with me; you could have been the un-Damarian half. The red sword bit at her again, and again Gonturan pulled her arm into place in time to deflect it. Yet even as death awaited her so near she could see its red jaws opening, her clearest thought was still a desperate desire to find a way to make her chest stop itching. I wonder if one can still itch if one is dead, she thought; and her arm jerked once more as Gonturan parried another slash. But the red sword almost broke through her guard, and her arm seemed suddenly weak; and she did not know if it was the fact of her opponent’s wearing the Crown, or only her knowledge of the fact; and her eyes were drawn up again to his forehead. But she could not bear to look at that face for long, her own face, with wide mad green eyes, and hair red as fire. †¦ My hair is not that color any more, she told herself, and my eyes are not those eyes, and I am not the man before me. I am not he, she thought; my mother fled him as I now face him, for what he is and we are not. And yet she wa s grateful that she could not look often into the face which was not hers, for she must watch the flicker of the red sword. â€Å"Who taught you swordplay?† thundered Agsded. â€Å"No mortal can best me.† And the red sword looked like seven swords as it swooped down on her again; and yet Gonturan was seven swords in return, and struck them all away. I’m afraid you are no longer quite mortal – mortal, Aerin thought. She laughed, and the red blade wavered when she laughed; perhaps the laugh of his sister’s daughter echoed in Agsded’s brain as horribly as his did in Aerin’s. And as the red blade hesitated, Gonturan struck Agsded’s shoulder. An inhuman scream went up, from the red mage or from the blue sword, Aerin could not tell; and then Agsded’s sword came for her again, more swiftly than before, and Aerin could not even follow with her eyes as the two swords caught at each other, thrust and slammed and were hurled apart. â€Å"My Damarian blood,† she panted, â€Å"uncle, is not so cursed as you think; for I have swum in the Lake of Dre ams, and I – am – no – longer – quite – mortal.† â€Å"It will avail you naught,† he cried, and leaped back, and threw up his hands; and fire leaped up all around him. Fire. Real fire; red and orange, with hot thick smoke, and bright terrible arms that reached out for her. Aerin quailed, and there was no black cat nor white horse to help her. This fire was no mage illusion; she could smell it, and the heat of it beat against her face; and again Gonturan’s blue fire flickered and dulled in her hand. Agsded laughed; and within the ring of fire he thrust his sword back into his belt and crossed his arms. â€Å"Well? Fire may still burn those who are – no – longer – quite – mortal.† He laughed again, and Aerin flinched from his voice even as from the licking flames; and the grey Crown was red in the firelight. Someday, she thought tiredly, I must learn to go forward of my own free will. If only my horrible chest would let me think clearly. She raised Gonturan, and the blue fire cascaded over her; it was cool against her face. She closed her eyes – closing my eyes is stupid, she thought – and jumped into the fire. It hissed and roared around her, but she ran forward and opened her eyes, and her uncle was just a little late pulling his sword free again, and Gonturan rose for a slash at his neck, the cut she had missed the last time. This time the blade ran true, and struck him squarely. And bounced off with a harsh ugly sound, and with a nick in her edge; and the recoil was such that she twisted out of Aerin’s grasp and fell to the fiery floor, and Aerin fell with her. â€Å"I am not precisely mortal either,† said Agsded, and grinned his grin again; and Aerin, looking up at the red sword that was about to sink into her, thought, I imagine I’ll be mortal enough when struck through the heart; I wonder what mage trick it is he uses – or perhaps it’s because he’s wearing the Crown. And because she had nothing else left to do, and because she was still holding the wreath in her other hand, she threw it at him. He screamed. It was a scream that cut across all the senses, sight and touch and taste and smell as well as hearing; it was a scream sharper than any sword and as bitter as hatred, as fierce as a hunting folstza and as implacable as winter. Aerin had only the dimmest recollection, through the scream, of the surka wreath touching his face, falling over his head to ring his shoulders; of the dragon stone shining as brilliantly red as Agsded’s sword had been, but which now turned to the dull rusted color of old blood; of a smaller fire, within the ring of fire, rising around Agsded higher and higher till he disappeared from view, as the fire he had thrown between himself and Aerin sank and darkened and died; and still the scream went on. Aerin staggered to her feet, and found that she was clutching Gonturan with both hands; and that the palm of one was wet with her own blood where she had seized unwarily at Gonturan’s edge; and that her hands and arms glowed blue, and as s he bent her head the hair that fell forward around her face was also blue, and when she looked down, her boots were blue, and there was a pool of blue spreading around them, and as the blue widened so did the tiny hairline cracks in the floor, which spread and crackled and sputtered as she looked, with Agsded’s scream still beating at her. Then the scream and the short sharp sounds the floor was making rose together in a tumultuous roar, and the stones on which Aerin stood gave way, and she fell, and saw the walls toppling in on her. It would be pleasant to faint at this point, she thought, but she didn’t, and she continued to clutch Gonturan, but she shifted the bloody hand to join the other on the hilt. When I land, she thought, I will fall over and cut myself in half on my own sword; but the fall may already have killed me. The sound of the mountain tower falling was so loud she could no longer make room for her thoughts, and so she gave up thinking and blackness hu rtled past her, and heavy fragments of that blackness fell with her but did not touch her, and she wondered if she might fall forever, as she had climbed, and thus perhaps become the God That Falls, or perhaps the God That Climbs and Falls. Then there was a shock, but to her feet or her skull or only her mind she did not know; whatever part of her was struck staggered, and she shook herself, and discovered that it was her head she was shaking, and then she blinked her eyes and looked up, and realized that she saw sunlight leaking through cracks as though through the ruined wails of an ancient building. At the same time that her confused eyes and brain figured out the sunlight she also realized that her feet were standing on something, that she hadn’t chopped herself in two by landing on Gonturan, and that she was no longer falling. She took a hesitant step, for she could see very little, and small pieces of rubble crunched and scattered under her feet. The pile of fragments teetered and threatened to spill her into the bottomless blackness again. There is no sense in taking my luck for granted, she told herself sternly, and resheathed Gonturan, gave an absent rub at her chest, and then stood still, blinking, till her eyes began to readjust to simple things like daylight, and stone walls with cracks in them. How to cite The Hero And The Crown Part Two Chapter 19, Essay examples

Finance and Accounting for Managers Growth of the Business Organizati

Question: Discuss about theFinance and Accounting for Managers forGrowth of the Business Organization Answer: Developing a perfect budget would assist the management to create a pre-determined operating strategy for the growth of the business organization. As such, I would not agree with the notion that developing a budget is a waste of time. According to Bierman and Smidt (2012), budget ensures that there are enough funds to cater to the daily operational activities of the business. A budget plan shall be able to assist the business organization. The budget is a significant part of the operational policies of a business enterprise (Gonalves 2014). A budget plan would ensure that the business organization shall have enough internal financing and would not have to bother with external financing of the organization. The value of budgeting in the business organization can be assessed through its financial expenditures in the business enterprise. According to Dellavigna and Pollet (2013), the budget statement reflects the operational and the financial operations of the business enterprise. Thus, the budgeting guidelines in the organization shall have a large influence on the operational and the financial operations of the business. In this regard, Gonalves (2014) noted that the budget helps in predicting the future financial condition of the business. Therefore, it can be said that the budgeting requirements also relates to the financial expenditures of the business entity. As such, the brand has to be required in maintaining the budgeting techniques of the business organization. In this regard, it can be said that a budget plans assists the business enterprise in the following ways: Facts: Budgets assist the business enterprise to present the facts in an essential manner to depict the operational and the financial operations of the business enterprise in the future accounting period (Bierman and Smidt 2012). The facts of the budget also state the necessary financial and the operational needs of the business organization. Restrictive Expenditures: The budget prepares a guideline that restricts the operational expenses of the business enterprise. The restricted capital required by the business enterprise would enable the business enterprise to strengthen the financial resources of the business enterprise. Future Financial Plan- Gtze et al. (2015) mentioned that the financial plan prepared by the business enterprise would assist the business enterprise to execute their operations in a pre-planned manner. The future financial plans shall also include the existing financial condition of the business enterprise Considerations- The considerations would include the software resources of the organization for assessing the accounting and the financial resources of the business enterprise. As such, the software budget shall have the budgeting module to assess data as per the expenses in the business enterprise. Roberts and Michael (2013) mentioned that the use of information technology has been useful in determining the budget of the organization, thereby, reducing the time and the effort that would be required in preparing the budget manually. The consideration also reflects in identifying the discrepancies in the budget. As such, the budget would be able to identify the future operational expenses of the budget and therefore be able to create a structured plan for the organization. References Bierman Jr, H. and Smidt, S., 2012.The capital budgeting decision: economic analysis of investment projects. Routledge. Dellavigna, S. and Pollet, J.M., 2013. Capital budgeting versus market timing: An evaluation using demographics. The Journal of Finance, 68(1), pp.237-270. Gonalves, S., 2014. The effects of participatory budgeting on municipal expenditures and infant mortality in Brazil.World Development,53, pp.94-110. Gtze, U., Northcott, D. and Schuster, P., 2015. Capital Budgeting and Investment Decisions. In Investment Appraisal (pp. 3-26). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Roberts, D. and Michael, R., 2013. Topic 6: Investment Decisions and Capital Budgeting.

To What Extent Is There a Democratic Deficit in the Uk free essay sample

The most telling indicator of there being a democratic deficit in the UK today is the continuing decline of voter turnout at all elections for the past 60 years. There is a growing level of general apathy towards political issues in the UK which is not just damaging to the health of a democracy but fatal. The government requires a mandate to govern, if they do not achieve popular consent then how are they representative of the people? The last three general elections have yielded voter turnout of around 60 – 65% of the electorate, leaving a significant proportion of people who chose not to exercise their democratic right to vote. At the European Parliament elections turnout has been far lower with the last three elections yielding 24 – 39% of voters turning up to cast their ballot. The recent Police Crime Commissioner (PCC) elections have produced the lowest ever turnouts in the UK with just 14. 9%. The Prime Minister said that the PCC’s have a mandate; although it was only the turnout that was 14. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Is There a Democratic Deficit in the Uk? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page % so many PCC’s will be governing with less than 10% of the vote. This incredibly low turnout illustrates just how apathetic people have become in regards to British politics, but there is also the matter of spoiled ballot papers. The total number of votes was 344,213 (excluding spoilt ballots) with the number of spoiled votes standing at more than 120,000. That means over a quarter of people who turned up to the polling stations did so for the sole purpose of spoiling the paper. The fact that people would take time out of their lives specifically to undermine the democratic process shows just how much of a democratic deficit exists in the UK. People have become so disillusioned with traditional democracy in the UK they resort to methods such as spoiling the ballot paper to tell the government that the people will not stand for it, that voting doesn’t work, that all politicians are in it for themselves. The 2009 Parliamentary expenses scandal shocked voters with the scale of MP’s dishonesty with taxpayer’s money. Those in power felt that they were beyond reproach and despite the sudden change of heart many MP’s had over claiming expenses when the scandal came to light there are still those today that claim in excess of ? 60,000 per year. The mainstream political parties do not represent the views of many and the small parties that do will never gain power under the unfair FPTP system. People have resorted to campaigns such as the worldwide occupy movement that gained mass media coverage with their camp outside St. Paul’s Cathedral, or the vigilante hacker group Anonymous who attack what they perceive to be unjust areas of the government. It is not just a minority of extremists who are partaking in these activities; their members are those who have been pushed to the side lines by the vast democratic deficit in the UK which has forced the common man without a voice to shout at the government via unorthodox and sometimes illegal means. Of course we mustn’t forget that not everyone can vote in the British system of democracy. The Justice Secretary Chris Grayling holds the view of many in his party and others across the political spectrum over the debate on whether or not to extend the franchise to all. He told his fellow MP’s that they had the power to â€Å"legislate contrary to fundamental principles of human rights†. The right to vote is absolutely essential to any democracy and yet the government fears what would happen if they finally gave the right to vote to all in the UK. One of the harsh realities of the criminal justice system is that miscarriages of justice are an everyday occurrence. Yearly over 770 convictions are overturned in the court of appeal and nearly 3,500 convictions quashed when the case proceeds from a magistrate court to a crown court. This shows just how broken the system is, and as well as being a human right giving prisoners the vote would help the government to get a better perspective on how to reform prisons to reform inmates. Membership of political parties has plummeted over the past 60 odd years and now just 1% of the population are members of a political party. This runs parallel with less people turning out to vote, it is plain that people do not want to get involved with political parties anymore. It is not that they no longer care about governance but that they feel that the system does not work for them and that it also does not allow reform to allow it to change into a free and fair way true democracy. The increased use of referendums in the UK can be hailed as a way of helping to combat the democratic deficit by giving power directly to the people on a single highly important issue. There have however only been 2 UK – wide referendums which shows that on matters of national importance the government is not quite as keen to hear everyone’s point of view. The electorate is rarely consulted directly via the use of referendums as opposed to more democratic countries such as Switzerland. On the rare occasion the government concedes and allow the voters a direct say, if they chose to do so they could ignore the result as referendums are not legally binding. Power rests with Parliament and although in theory our MP’s represent their constituents’ views the government is free to pursue its own agenda once it is in power. In the AV referendum of 2011 implementation of a voting system of proportional representation was rejected. The â€Å"No† campaign was fought using a mixture of scare tactics and lies and active participation in the vote was not readily encouraged by either of the two most powerful political parties as they would stand to lose a lot under a fairer voting system. The current system of FPTP ensures that an MP can be elected without a majority of votes which is highly undemocratic. Another undemocratic feature of British democracy that is having the status quo maintained is the unelected House of Lords. Only two countries in the world allow hereditary politicians – Lesotho and the United Kingdom. The elected representatives in the commons voted against further reform of the House of Lords despite polls continuously showing support for greater reform. From just this one example can it be said that MP’s are truly representing the people they are supposed to? It is possible that a significantly contributing factor of this democratic deficit is the lack of political education available. The average layman does not have time to thoroughly research political issues and will get their only political news from the Metro or Evening Standard, and if the Leveson report is implemented in full it would not be a far cry to the press no longer being free. The government should be spending a great amount of effort into educating the populace on political issues as â€Å"the ignorance of one voter in a democracy impairs the security of us all†. Whether intentionally or not by raising tuition fees to an inaccessible level the government has succeeded in preventing thousands of disadvantaged, but educated, students who would clamour for reform. Michael Gove has now changed the curriculum to allow citizenship lessons to be optional, thus removing all chances of political education whilst in compulsory schooling. Supporters of the UK as a thriving democracy would point to things such as devolution to say that the government is trying to be democratic and open. The devolved assemblies even use PR instead of FPTP and they give power to people locally. It is the same problem as with referendums, whatever the assemblies pass is not binding. Westminster grants power to these devolved areas whilst retaining the right to veto their decisions. If a government so wished they could abolish the devolved assemblies completely. Devolution is just another one of the way the government tries to appear democratic while not promoting democracy. Freedom of Information Requests (FOI) are in principle a brilliant thing as they promote transparency and accountability of the government and local authorities, but as with so many things they do not work in practice as they do in principle. In 2011 over 10,500 FOI requests were refused, so once again power remains firmly in the hands of those who hold it rather than the people. The government is only open about the things it wants to be, it still reserves the right to keep quiet. The democratic deficit is very real and present in the UK and it is greatly affecting democracy in this country. Unless the issues which are causing this deficit are directly addressed and soon this country could very easily turn into a â€Å"democratic dictatorship† although in many ways it already is with the sweeping powers the PM has or the lack of true accountability at all levels of government. A majority of people are disillusioned not with democracy but with the archaic British political system and this disillusionment could lead from the spoiling of ballot papers to something much more serious such as civil unrest as demonstrated by the nationwide riots last year.

Colonial Democratic Ties essays

Colonial Democratic Ties essays English colonies, often established for the soul purpose of expanding the kingdoms of their monarchs, spurred the beginning of American democracy ruled by the majority of the people. Democratic characteristics were augmented by the will of the people, in such places as Virginia and Massachusetts, to gain freedom from a single monarchist. Although there was evidence of an early democracy, the chains of the King that held the colonies together were not completely broken. The British colonies first indication of any legislature was in the Virginian colony of Jamestown. A group of men, usually over the age of 17, congregate at a church to discuss the political and economic issues of Jamestown. This assembly of men, named the House of Burgesses, was substantiation of an early representative government. There was a governor of the House of Burgesses that was elected by leaders of The Virginia Company in London, England. The governor then selected six supporting members that were important men in the colony to be his council. The other 15 members were assembled through the voting by the people of the Jamestown Colony as a whole. The Plymouth Colony, often called Americas Birthplace of Democracy, was not the first British colony, but it was one of the most significant. The Mayflower Compact, a written document signed by the pilgrims, pledged allegiance to the king of England but also established that the colony would govern by the will of the people, or the majority. This clearly shows that Plymouth was ran democratically. Democratic influence were definitely present in early English colonial society, but because the king of England ruled with the proverbial iron fist, there was an abstention from becoming a true democracy. Although such contractual agreements, such as the Mayflower Compact, and forms of legislation, like the House of Burgesses, had substantial qualities of a gov ...

Mobility Management for LTE-Advanced Relay Systems Research Paper

Mobility Management for LTE-Advanced Relay Systems - Research Paper Example These different technologies can cooperate together In order to improve the user’s quality of service and granting mobile users the ability of roaming across different wireless networks in a seamless manner. However, the different characteristics of each wireless technology with regards to QoS brought many challenges for provisioning the continuous services (e.g. audio/video streaming) in a seamless way. In such a heterogeneous environment, to support mobile user’s requirements, a mobility management mechanism is a key issue. Index Terms— Heterogeneous network, LTE-Advanced, Relay System, Vertical Handoff I. INTRODUCTION With the increase in demand and rapid development of wireless communication quality over the past 3 decades, the initial 1G has run into 4G with a high data rate and better mobility support. The 4G technique-International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced) systems include new capabilities that go significantly beyond those of the I MT-2000. Key requirements of the IMT Advanced systems, for instance, include improved mobility support and cell edge performance, increased spectral bandwidth and efficiency, reduced handover interruption time and reduced User plane latency and Control [1]. Considered as the main trend in future wireless communications, 3GPP LTE-Advanced has advanced features, for instance coordinated multipoint processing, carrier aggregation. It also considered as one of the top candidates towards achieving the IMT Advanced requirements. In 3GPP, high speed train scenario is agreed as the main scenario in Rel11 study item, mobile relay for E-UTRA. Here, when train rushes at a high speed the channel characteristics change and result in Doppler spread. Also the vehicles are vehicles are more crowded than other areas and therefore passengers are more likely to use high data rate services, for instance, browsing, playing games and watching videos so as to pass time [2]. The high data rate transmission requires strong signal strengths and high throughput, plus better mobility management, so mobile relay station for large vehicles are proposed for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) system. A relay system may be mobile, which means it is a dedicated network node equipped on the vehicles to provide a fixed access link to those travelling on the vehicles. It is very suitable to solve the capacity gain of the high speed vehicles if it is well deployed. In a conventional cellular network, user equipment (UE) is connected directly to a Base Station (BS), and when a user moves away from the cell center, he/she will get less bandwidth which means lower data rates. However relaying technique has been introduced in 3GPP release 10 & 11 to allow establishing an indirect two-hop link between UE and BS through a Relay Node (RN). Relay nodes can also be used to spread out the cell coverage and increase the coverage outside main area (e.g. at cell edge). The two major challenges addressed in this c ontext are maintaining the throughput and ensure a seamless mobility and service continuity to all UEs. Hence, the objective of this paper is to develop, implement, and evaluate intelligent algorithms for next generation wireless communications systems with focus on throughput and service continuity. Specifically, the paper mainly addresses to the following aspects: Relaying in heterogeneous network, resources and mobility management. The rest of the paper is arranged as follows. Firstly, the overview of fixed and mobile relay system is given is Section II. In Section III, the paper presents a Handoff Analysis. Section IV presents a system level simulation and results. The paper concludes with section V. II. FIXED AND MOBILE RELAY SYSTEMS OVERVIEW A. Background

Culture Aspect of Childbirth and Parenting Essay

Culture Aspect of Childbirth and Parenting - Essay Example There are so many dimensions to it that studying its dynamics could provide deep insights for health care professionals. This paper will examine the case of child birth and care in Kalahari, South Africa. It is expected that the discourse can further highlight the argument that the idiosyncrasies in various culture are especially prominent in pregnancy, child birth and parenting and that an understanding of such could empower health care professionals to be effective especially in decision-making stage when working with a highly diverse population. Kalahari is a region in southern Africa that covers parts of South Africa, Botswana, Angola, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The Bushmen have thrived in the region for at least 20,000 years. Children and parenting among them are treated much the same way in Western societies. Babies are indulged and cared for until their survival is ensured. Sigelman and Rider (2011) noted that â€Å"babies are touched 70% of daytime hours, are breast-fed w henever they want (usually 20-40 times a day), and may not be weaned until the age of 4.† (p. 124) The way mothers and families rear their young – with the attention and importance given to this enterprise - is fundamentally the same with how Western communities and families care for their children. They are loved, protected and provided for. The Bushmen, however, practices a unique birthing culture. A very important aspect of it is how the Kalahari women aspire and value the manner of giving birth to her child unaided. At least this has been true in the case of the Bushmen tribe of Ju|’hoansi. According to Selin (2009), this is quite common across this group because solitary child birth is widely seen as an opportunity to prove one’s worth as it is considered part of the rites of passage wherein women can display their ability for self-control, in addition to the ritualistic beliefs entailed in ethnic rites of passage. (p. 17) The implication of this cult ural practice is that it exposes mothers and infants to several risk factors; the most serious of these is death. This practice appears so different from the Western idea about the entire birthing process. In most western societies such as in the United States, pregnancy and child birth is an opportunity for family, relatives and friends to lend support. They are equated with the procreation processes and, hence, are extremely important for many individuals beyond the family. In addition, anthropologists consider kinship relationships in the West as fundamentally connected with acts of birth and human understanding of procreation. (Stone 2009) And so pregnancy and birthing are considered an event of extreme interest. Rites, beliefs, myths, among other cultural practices that our community have made all feature the requirement of support and closer ties. It is normal for us to see assistance, especially those by women who possess authoritative knowledge on the process, as one with gr eat survival value for birthing mothers. This is the reason why today both the health professional such as the doctor or the midwife are actual partners in the pregnancy and the birthing enterprise. Another interesting aspect about child birth in Kalahari is the environment. Desert covers much of the area and this claimed an important impact in the childbirth beliefs and behaviors of the Bushmen. Unlike in our society, for instance, the Bushmen did not have the luxury of water for birthing. Women

Importance of Planning in Childcare Environment

Importance of Planning in Childcare Environment Vanessa Clare Every child is born unique; they have their own characteristics, personalities and interest. They developes at different rates, but do follow a similar development pattern, i.e. one child may begin to walk 9 months whereas another child may not begin to walk until they are 17-18 months. There may be many factors that also come into the equation when a child is developing, i.e. If a child is born premature or at term, if the child has any special educational needs or other disabilities which a child needs extra support for, weather there has been any long or short term illness, and the environment that the child is in, this includes the Childs social environment, also stress. A Childs growth and development is influenced by their learning and their influenced by the people and the environment around them. The EYFS document Development matters show the four themes that the Eyfs underpin all guidance, these are:- A unique child + positive relationships + enabling environments = learning and developments. When planning for a child it is best to get as much information on the child as possible, ask parents for information, as they are putting their most treasured procession in the safety of your care. Observe the childs free play to find out their likes, dislikes, strengths weaknesses, where you can support the child in their learning and environment. Anylise your finding using the four themes, principles and practice from the Development matters document. This helps to find out where a child is on their learning path, consider ways to strengthen their current learning development, showing guidance from positive relationships and enabling environments so that you can plan for the Childs learning and developments to fit their needs. As a practioner you will get to know each of your key children and will find other ways to work with the child alongside their planning. By following the planning, observations, assessment triangles you gain understanding of the Childs actual stage of develo pment, their interest and their particular needs , it will stop the you from planning activates and resources that may be too hard or easy for the child, or that the child does not find interesting. Activities that are too hard can negatively affect their confidence and self esteem, as they will not feel able to do it. Activities that are too easy will not hold their attention and they will lose interest quickly. By doing the observation, analysing and planning triangle it helps constantly review the Childs progress and share with the parents as required by the EYSF at two points, the prime areas between 24 and 36 months of age and at the end of the EYFS in the EYFS profiles. The EYFS breaks down the areas of learning into prime areas and specific areas, Prime areas are fundamental, work together, and move through to support development in all other areas Personal, social and emotional development Communication and language Physical development Specific areas include essential skills and knowledge for children to participate successfully in society Literacy Mathematics Understanding the world Expressive arts and design When planning activities you need to make sure that you are meeting all the children’s individual needs and requirements so the children are all treated equally. Putting into practice the equal opportunities which are essential. Equality, the practice of treating every on equally Diversity the practice of recognising and valuing individual characteristics and differences Inclusion an approach that makes sure that all children can participate to a full extent within their environment. A worldwide document that governs equal opportunities for all children is â€Å"The National Convention on the Right of the Child† this document outlines all basic human rights that all children are entitled to. All early years setting practitoners must follow this convention and empower the children in their care. The world made a promise to children nearly 25 years ago â€Å"that we would do every in or power to protect and promote their right to survive and thieve, to learn and grow, to make their voices heard and reach their full potential.† The convention defines a child as a person below the age of 18, unless the laws of a particular countries has set the legal age for adulthood younger. Young children often don’t realise that they have rights so it is up to adults to make sure that they know that they do, one of the rights relevant is the right for all children to have their views and opinions listened to and their best interest at heart. The EYSF requires all setting providers to have implemented a policy and procedures to promote the equality of opportunity of children in their care, and show support for children with special educational needs and disabilities. This policy should also cover how the individual needs of all the children will be met. All staff should have read and have understanding of their settings equal opportunities polices. All children should be given the same concern and attention and not all treated the same as this can be discriminating against them. A setting and their staff should provide an inclusive environment as this will challenge discrimination which will help to build a positive environment where children and their families will feel respected and valued, making them want to return. The equality act 2010 replaced all existing equality legislations and is in place protect individuals from discrimination. If children are discriminated against it can cause them to become withdrawn and could affect their development by causing delays. There are many ways that children could discriminate against, a few of these are due to their gender, social class, physical appearance, race and culture, it will lower their self esteem and confidence and they will start to question their beliefs. You must treat everyone the same no matter what their gender culture etc. This does not just apply to the children but to their families too. Any one working with children has to challenge their own views and beliefs and not show any prejudices to any of the children or their families so they want to return to the setting. To make a setting welcoming to children and their families welcome signs should be in multiple languages, staff should have a smile and a positive greeting when children a nd their families enter the setting, this creates a happy environment, learning a few words in the children’s own language helps build strong relationships. Support children in their own choices, when it comes to cultural /religious celebration these should be in place whether a child of that religion / culture is in the setting or not, ask for people that are from that culture or religion to come in and help promote to a higher standard so that the children get a fuller picture of the culture / religion or festival. Help children to feel they can come and talk, encourage children to build on their unique character and feel comfortable in themselves, helping them feel positive about their background which in turn will help them gain emotional well-being. By promoting good diversity children will be more accepting of other who are different from themselves. Children trust the adults that look after them to keep them safe and love them as do their parents as they are giving their most precious prize possession to look after and keep safe and happy .part of caring for a unique child is promoting their well-being , making them feel safe and secure in their environment. Key workers are essential as a first point of contact for the unique child and their family. The key worker spends time on a one to one with the child getting to know the needs of the child supporting them as they learn to spend time without their parents, and learning all about their interest, the key worker also helps support the parent in talking to them about the routines and likes and dislikes and aiming to follow them. Setting need to be set out for the children’s age and developmental stage, making sure that the environment is appropriate and safe for the children. Staffs ratios are a legal requirement, in the age group 0-24 months the ratios are one member of staff to every three children, from 24-36 months the ratio is one staff member four children and from 36-60 the children are more independent and have a greater knowledge of their own safety so the ration is one staff member to eight children, at this age children should be given rules, boundaries and activities that get the children to listen. Road safety Stanger danger awareness to personal safety should also be introduced at this age. As children grow they can be given the chance to learn about keeping safe themselves, encourage the child in making decisions give the child the power to say no if don’t want to join in. Promoting independence is an important part of growing and learning and becoming a unique child. And environment should be set out in an appropriate manner for the child. I.e a child of 0-12 months will need the toys in reach so they can chose themselves as they become mobile the environment should be set out so resources are at the child’s height and they can get them easily. A choice of healthy snack should be offered, from 12-24 months the environment should be accessible to the child and they should be voicing opinions which should be listened too, from 24-36 months children should be choosing what they want to play with, communicating is getting better and children should be having their opinions asked and listened to they should be continuing to help set up and tidy away to promot e independence and help with children following rules and boundaries. From 36-60 months children should enjoying independent choices they should be involved in the setting playing and communicating, ask the children what they would like to play with involving them in setting out their environment, at the same time setting boundaries. Setting should following the children’s act 1989 which promotes empowerment for children, making sure that they are involved in decisions that can affect their well being. Making sure that the children’s feelings and opinions are listened to, making sure that individual needs for the children and families are met, that children have their race, culture, language and religion are valued and respected and making sure that the well-being is of paramount importance. By using all of these when working with children you come to learn that all children are unique and by meeting all of their individual needs you are making sure that they are in a happy safe environment where they can grow and learn at their own pace feeling confident at doing so with the all the love support and resources that they need to do so. By meeting the unique Childs individual needs will help the child in five of the â€Å"Every Child Matters† outcomes. In staying safe, being healthy, enjoying and achieving, making positive contributions and achieving economic well-being.

Sam Shepard Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

Sam Shepard Sam Shepard is a contemporary American playwright and actor whose plays deal with modern social concerns. He was influenced by Beat Generation writers such as Allen Ginsberg who rebelled against a society of economic affluence and social conformity following World War II. Insatiable consumerism became a central trait of postwar life, "driven by the mass media, advertising, and generous loan terms" ("Sam Shepard"). From this atmosphere the Beat Writers came forward to declare their alienation from what they saw as the "creed of suburban conformity in favor of what Ginsberg called ‘the lost America of love’" ("Sam Shepard"). It was from this generation of writers that Shepard was inspired to address the issues of alienation from society, loss of identity and the deterioration of the family structure. The themes explored by Shepard may be described as "the picture of America torn between the idealistic values and painful realities of a frontier paved over by a parking lot" ("Sam Shepard") . In other words, progress and change are destroying the collective values of America as the former replaces the latter. Having grown up in the 50’s and 60’s, a period of social metamorphosis, Shepard must have observed for himself that the apple-pie family of popular culture was far different from the changing face of society’s real life family whose members struggle for identity and connection. As television presented an idealization of suburban family life, reality suggested otherwise. Shepard is known for his oblique story lines, slightly mysterious characters, and use of surreal elements with images of popular culture ("Sam Shepard"). The majority of his plays deal with the betrayal of the American dream, the search for ... ...iculate enough to compose his thoughts, and Austin does not have the adventurous spirit to survive in the desert. Therefore, they realize their identities are not found in each other. The characters in each of these plays grapple for identity and connection, which Shepard recognizes as true in modern American families. As they assert themselves, family tension is the result and the Brady Bunch dream is only that: a dream. Works Cited Gilman, Richard. Sam Shepard: Seven Plays. Introduction. New York: Bantam Books, 1981. xi-xxvii. "Sam Shepard." Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99. Microsoft Corporation. 1993-1998. Shepard, Sam. Sam Shepard: Seven Plays. New York: Bantam Books, 1981. Williams, Megan. "Nowhere Man and the Twentieth-Century Cowboy: Images of Identity and American History in Sam Shepard’s True West." Modern Drama. 40 (Spring 1997): 57-73.

Childcare Policy Proposal

The social welfare concern I chose for analysis is the growing concern for affordable daycare in the United States. Two specific problems I will be analyzing are â€Å"latch-key kids† and child neglect which are a direct result of not having access to affordable daycare. One of the main factors that contribute to these issues is poverty. Poverty has plagued children throughout United States history. Poverty rates are higher among the youngest children ages birth to four years. These children are more vulnerable to long term effects of poverty.According to the National Center for Children in Poverty, â€Å"An estimated forty-two percent of children under the age of eighteen are living below the poverty line. † (NCSC, 2009). About half of the forty-two percent live close to two hundred percent below the line. As the poverty rate rises, more single and low- income parents are in need of affordable daycare. A recent study showed that â€Å"Forty percent of low-income or si ngle-income families spend almost half of their total income on childcare† (Associated Press, 2007).Although subsidized programs are available, the waiting process can be long and tedious. For example, programs like Operation 3 Breakthrough which provide daycare at no cost to families have close to a thousand families on their waiting list. Because cities are not providing for the growing need childcare, parents are â€Å"forced† to seek alternative methods. One alternative parents chose is to leave their children either at home alone or with other siblings.An estimated seventy-seven percent of American kids are considered â€Å"latch-key' kids† (Another study showed that â€Å"nationwide, parents report leaving more than three million children under thirteen, some as young as five, to care for homeless for at least a few hours a week on a regular basis† (Associated Press, 2007). SAFETIES is a non-profit organization that is dedicated to reduce and stop pr eventable child injury and death. SAFETIES recommends that no child under the age of twelve be left alone for any period of time. There is no federal statute on the age a child can be safely left alone; it is left up to the states to decide.In Kansas, the current age a child can be left alone is twelve; however, in Missouri there is no age requirement. Although a child may be aware of emergency and accident prevention, any times they do not have the cognitive capability and Judgment to handle the situation when it occurs. Children four and under require interaction and supervision that another child can not adequately provide to them. â€Å"Children four and under are at a higher risk and make up half of the unintentional injury-related deaths among children fourteen and under† (Safe Kids, 2010).The bottom line is that the latch-key method of childcare results in an increasing amount of preventable child injury and death. NEGLECT 4 Neglect is federally defined as â€Å"Failu re of a parent or guardian to provide needed DOD, clothing, shelter, medical care, or supervision such that the child's health, safety, and well-being are threatened with harm† (HAS, 2009). â€Å"An estimated 5. 8 million children are neglected or abused each year† (HAS, 2009). Parents that do not have older children rely on neighbors, family members or friends to watch their children.This is sometimes referred to as â€Å"patchwork† childcare. Out of desperation, other parents leave their children alone at home, public parks, or public libraries. â€Å"Children and their families may be in need of services even though the parent may not be intentionally gleeful. When poverty limits a parent's resources to adequately provide necessities for the child, services may be offered to help families provide for their children† (American Humane society, 2010). Attachment Theory, (Bowl, 1969) shows certain aspects that all children require and need in order to flour ish and grow healthy.In order to have â€Å"Secure attachment† children need human physical contact. â€Å"Physical connection means plenty of touch and eye contact. Such things as cradling an infant while feeding, cuddling with a toddler before bedtime, and hugging a teenager increase the sense of physical injection, especially if touch and eye contact take place on a daily basis throughout childhood years† (Wassermann, 2006). Many times the child goes from place to place, to different locations and sometimes watched by â€Å"strangers†. The child has no stability, permanency or sense of â€Å"home. Permanency is a key factor for early child development. A â€Å"safe haven† is needed so that when a child feels threatened or afraid, he or she can return to the caregiver for comfort and soothing. If the child is alone or does not receive POLICY PROPOSAL 5 this comfort, they will eventually stop relying on the caregiver and become outdrawn. Children also n eed a â€Å"secure base† that is provided by the caregiver. This gives them safe and dependable place to explore the world. In many cases the caregiver is not intentionally putting the child in danger, but is simply unaware of the many household dangers to children. Separation distress† is also detrimental too child's well-being. When separated from the primary caregiver, the child will immediately become upset and depressed. Many children experience this even in the most â€Å"normal†, ideal family circumstances. A deficiency in any of these areas can affect a child later down the road. LEGISLATION In the past, the United States has tried to correct this problem through legislation. The Aid to Families with Dependent Children (FADE) was first passed in 1935, provided money for â€Å"relief† to help families provide for their children.In 1972, President Nixon built on the idea but changing it to Aid to Dependent Children (DC) trying to switch focus on to t he children as opposed to the family. Republicans typically have a â€Å"laissez fairer† attitude, however all sides felt this was an important issue. Later Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANK) was created in 1996 and reformed the DC. With TANK, time limits were put in place, and subsidies were provided to parents to help them care for their children. Currently the federal government allows up to thirty percent of each state's TANK funds to be used alongside current child care grants.In the sass's The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare act focused on keeping the child with the biological parents at any cost. Later this was reformed into the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997. The new act switched the focus from family preservation to safety and permanency of the child. 6 The Child Care and Development Block Grant (JDBC) is a block grant given to tastes to subsidize child care for low-income families if parents are currently employed or enrolled in school. â⠂¬Å"Approximately 1. 8 million US children receive funds, 36,300 in Missouri alone† (IDS, 2009).The grant only applies to children thirteen and under offering in-kind assistance to their families. â€Å"An average of sixty-six dollars per week given in vouchers to subsidize child care† (Almanac of Economic Policy, 1995). Another step in the right direction is provided by the Early Childhood Development, Education, and Care Fund (SEDUCE). This is another block grant that is provided to tastes and has many programs set in place to allow the child to remain in the home instead of utilizing facilitated child care.They offer a program called Stay At Home Parent (ASAP) which allows families with children three and younger to receive in- cash and in-kind benefits in order to provide childcare themselves. Other qualifications this program include teen moms, high risk, no permanent residence, unemployed, The family must also be 185% below the poverty line to be eligible. While t hese programs have been successful with goals regarding abuse, safety, and permanency; the poverty level continues to be at an all time high. LOOKING ABROAD – THE NETHERLANDS I chose to compare our policies with The Netherlands.I found that the Netherlands is more progressive with its view of social welfare than the United States, however is far behind almost all other European countries. In The Netherlands they offer what are considered â€Å"General Provisions. † Basically every citizen is entitled to certain basic needs and provisions. General provisions include Child development groups, pre- school playgroups, child day-care, out of school child care, special education, primary 7 education, and youth health services. All of these programs are universal and available to all citizens.The majority of the provisions are geared towards children staying with parents if possible to have a strong family unit. They offer extended maternity and parental leave for both parent s to lower the cost and need for facilitated child care centers. The funding fro child care and maternity/parental leave is provided by both national and local municipal authorities. All citizens pay in for the â€Å"greater good† of country. LOOKING AHEAD – REFORM I propose not to create a new policy but reform the currant policy.I feel that the Child Care and Development Block Grant (JDBC) is meeting the expectations and Laos the program was designed for. Because the problem is growing rapidly, changes need to be made so that we don't lose control of the situation. The program's goals would continue to focus on importance of family, and strive to provide stability, permanency, and enrichment to families. I also feel that we need more focus on early child development (birth to four years) because it will play a dramatic role later in these children's lives.Working and collaborating with programs such as Head Start provide care givers tools to provide young children wi th what they need to thrive. Graduated assignment should be another key factor in the success of the program. Graduated disengagement is one of the most important core functions of social work. As social workers we need to help people build their own support system so that when they complete the process, they don't feel alone or back where they started. Finding activities and helping them build new trusting relationships is a key factor in this step.They need a support system in place so that when crisis or hardship happens, they POLICY PROPOSAL do not feel hopeless. SERVICES 8 The program I am proposing would be separated into two main groups. The first group is children ages birth to four years and the second would reach children ages five to eighteen years old. Playgroups which are used in the Netherlands as well as many other European countries give young children ages birth to four years old a chance to interact and socialize with other children their age.Licensed facilitators specializing in early education and development will guide volunteers in providing educational and stimulating activities. Meetings would be held three times a week at local schools, churches, parks, and community centers. Keeping the locations in the neighborhoods of he people they are serving will make attending the programs easier for these families. Child day care will also be provided to families that qualify. Accredited programs are required for all programs receiving grant funding implementing the core value competency.The number of locations should be based on the need for each individual community. For example, in areas of greater need, there should also be greater access to programs. I would also like to propose â€Å"Emergency' child care. This program would be a temporary â€Å"safe† arrangement to offer parents â€Å"peace of mind† if their usual arrangements fall through. For example if the baby-sitter doesn't show up, or you have a family emergency, you could drop your child off for a short period of time. Children must already be enrolled in the program or be on some corresponding program such TANK to qualify.Companies that provide on-site day care centers for employees will also receive funding as well as tax incentives. This will give the parents incentive to want to keep their Job as well as peace of mind knowing their children are close by. 9 I also feel that more funds should be used for the Stay At Home Parent program to allow children ages four and under to be with their parents. Families that qualify will receive subsidies while working or attending school part-time and stay home with their child rest of the time.For older children ages five to eighteen the program would continue to offer rewarding after school and summer activities. The objective is to get these kids away from the TV and teach them about the world around them. These activities should based on the strengths perspective model. It is important to find somet hing that the child is interested in or desires, so that they can feel like they have a skill or purpose. After school programs would include tutoring, mentoring, counseling, skill building social interaction, violence prevention, and other similar programs.As social workers we must first build a trusting, positive relationship with the people we are working with. Finding common interests help to bridge partnerships and giving them someone they feel they can â€Å"turn to. † It is important to focus on forming positive relationships instead of trying â€Å"treat† them. These programs will give the children the skills they need to be responsible for their own behavior and become productive members of their communities. I would also like to provide subsidies for summer camps.I found some programs such as the YMCA that offer subsidized summer programs for under-privileged youth already. Many families struggle the most during the summer months when their children are out o f school. This would eliminate having to pay for child care the entire three months of summer, as well as give the child something enjoyable to do. 10 Parents would be provided education and resources on child development and health. The program would offer employment resources, resume help, transportation assistance, interview techniques, internet access, and listings for local Job openings in the